BIBLIOGRAPHY

             The mention of a book or article in the bibliography can be taken as a recommendation for it. Included are good translations of primary sources, and the most interesting and important secondary sources. Most of the latter are here because they influenced my exposition, but some argue for interesting views with which I disagree. I have restricted myself to works in English.

Aaboe, Asgar (1974). “Scientific astronomy in antiquity,” in The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World, ed. F.R. Hodson (Oxford) 21-42.

Ackrill, J.L. (1997). Essays on Plato and Aristotle. Oxford University Press.

Adkins, A.W.H. (1960). Merit and Responsibility. Oxford. An excellent treatment of Greek ethical thought before the fourth century, working from literary texts. Its conclusions may be somewhat overdrawn, though many critics seem to overreact, and insist on misunderstanding them. For judicious correction, see Lloyd-Jones (1971) and A.A. Long (1970).

________ (1970). From the Many to the One: A Study of Personality and Views of Human Nature in the Context of Ancient Greek Society, Values, and Beliefs. Cornell University Press.

________ (1972). Moral Values and Political Behavior in Ancient Greece.

Algra, Keimpe (1999). “The Beginnings of Cosmology.” Chapter 3 in A. A. Long (1999), 45–65.

Allen, Reginald E. (ed.) (1965). Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd and The Humanities Press.

________ (1970). Plato’s `Euthyphro’ and the Earlier Theory of Forms. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, New York: Humanities Press.

________ (1980). Socrates and Legal Obligation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Contains a translation of the Crito and Apology along with an excellent and well written discussion of Socrates’s philosophy of law.

Annas, Julia E. (1991). “Epicurus’s Philosophy of Mind.” In Everson ed. (1991).

________ (1992). Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Anthes, Rudolf (1961). “Mythology in Ancient Egypt.” In Mythologies of the Ancient World, edited by Samuel Noah Kramer (Garden City, New York: Doubleday), pp. 15-92. An interesting overview, though his remarks about the general nature of Egyptian myths are unduly influenced by the notion of “mythopoeic thought.”

Anton, John P and George L. Kustas (eds.) (1971). Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Vol 1. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

________ and A. Preuss (eds.) (1983). Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Vol 2. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

Aristotle [4th century B.C.E.]. The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. Edited by Jonathan Barnes. 2 vols. Princeton: New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Armstrong, A.H. (1959). An Introduction to Ancient Philosophy. Third edition, revised. Newman Press. Revision of 2d edition edition of 1949. Paperback reprint, Beacon Press 1965. A readable and insightful short introduction, though somewhat dated.

________, ed. (1967). The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.

Bailey, C. (1928). The Greek Atomists and Epicurus: A Study. Oxford. Reprint ed., Russell, 1964.

Baldry, H.C. (1932). “Embryological Analogies in Pre-Socratic Philosophy.” Classical Quarterly 26: 27-34.

Barnes, Jonathan (1979). The PreSocratic Philosophers. 2 vols. London. Revised edition in one volume, London: Methuen, 1982. A philosophically lively, but still scholarly, discussion.

Barton, Carlin. (1993). The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton University Press.

Bennett, Jonathan (1964). Rationality. An Essay Towards an Analysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. A sophisticated examination by a first-rate philosopher of what it is to be intelligent, and rational.

Benson, Hugh H., editor (1992). Essays on the Philosophy of Socrates. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. A good collection of the most important articles published since Vlastos (1971a).

Bevan, Edwyn (1913). Stoics and Skeptics. Clarendon Press. Repr. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, Ltd., 1959, 1965. Four lectures, two on the Stoics, one on Posidonius, one on the Skeptics. A brief, readable and intelligent consideration in the old style, arguing for the superiority of Christianity.

Bodnar, Istvan M. (2001). “Atomic Independence and Indivisibility.” Ch. 7 in Preus (2001).

Brandwood, Leonard (1992). “Stylometry and chronology.” In Kraut (1992). An excellent summary of stylometric research on Plato’s dialogues.

Brickhouse, Thomas, and Nicholas D. Smith (1985). “The formal charges against Socrates.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 23: 457-81. Reprinted in Benson (1992) 14-34.

________ (1994). Plato’s Socrates. Oxford University Press.

Broadie, Sarah (1999). “Rational Theology.” Chapter 10 in A. A. Long (1999) 205–224.

Burkert, Walter (1972). Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Cambridge, Mass. Translated by E.L. Minar, Jr. from the German edition of 1962. In my estimate, the best work on the subject.

Burnet, John (1915–16). “The Socratic doctrine of the soul.” Proceedings of the British Academy 7: 235–59. Reprinted in his Essays and Addresses (London, 1929): 126–62.

Burnyeat, M.F. (1976). “Protagoras and self-refutation in later Greek Philosophy.” Philosophical Review 91: 3-40. Reprinted in Everson (1990).

________(1980). “Socrates and the jury.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary volume 54, 173–206.

________(1981). “Aristotle on understanding knowledge,” in E. Berti, 97–139.

Calagero, G. (1957). “Gorgias and the Socratic principle ‘Nemo sua sponte peccat.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 1: 12-17. Seems to me to get it more or less right, but for criticism, see Coulter (1964).

Clark, R.T. Rundle (1963). Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt.

Clay, Diskin (1988). “Reading the Republic.” In Griswold (1988): 19-34.

Cochrane, Charles Norris (1940). Christianity and Classical Culture. Oxford University Press. Paperback edition, 1957.

Cohen, S. Marc (1971). “Socrates on the Definition of Piety.” In Vlastos (1971a) 158-176.

Cohen, Morris and I.E. Drabkin (1948). Source Book in Greek Science. New York: McGraw Hill. Reissue: Harvard: 1966.

Cornford, F.M. (1926). “Mystery Religions and Pre-Socratic Philosophy.” In Cambridge Ancient History, vol. IV, Chapter 15. Cambridge.

________ (1952). Principium Sapientiae: The Origins of Greek Philosophical Thought. Cornford’s last work, solidly establishing his pioneering efforts to connect the earliest Greek philosophical speculation to its mythical background. His readings, brilliant as they are, fail to connect Greek thought to its ideological functions. For this, see Vernant (1983).

Coulter, J.A. (1964). “The Relation of the Apology of Socrates to Gorgias’ Defense of Palamedes and Plato’s critique of Gorgianic rhetoric.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology: 269-303. A criticism of Calagero (1957).

Couprie, Dirk L (2003). “The Discovery of Space: Anaximander’s Astronomy.” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Crombie, I.M. (1962, 1963). An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines. Vol. I. Plato on Man and Society. Vol. 2: Plato on Knowledge and Reality. London. An excellent work, though rather repetitive and long-winded, and often less philosophically penetrating than the later works cited here.

________ (1964). Plato: The Midwife’s Apprentice. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. A well-written summary of the results of Crombie (1962, 1963).

Curd, Patricia (1998). The Legacy of Parmenides: Eleatic Monism and Later Presocratic Thought. Princeton University Press.

Dancy, R. M. (1989). “Thales, Anaximander, and infinity.” Apeiron 22,149-190.

Dannhauser, Werner J. (1974). Nietzsche’s View of Socrates. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Dennett, Daniel C. (1995). Darwin’s Dangerous Idea. Simon & Schuster. A Philosopher’s well–informed account of evolutionary theory, discussing in the last chapters the evolution of mind and thinking.

Denyer, Nicholas (1991). Language, Thought and Falsehood in Ancient Greek Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge.

Devereux, Daniel T. “Separation and immanence in Plato’s theory of forms.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 12, 63–90. Reprinted in Fine (1999).

Dicks, T.R. “Thales.” Classical Quarterly 9 (1959) 294-309.

Dilthey, Wilhelm (1957). Dilthey’s Philosophy of Existence: Introduction to Weltanschauungslehre. New York: Bookman Associates. Translation of The Types of World Views and Their Unfolding Within the Metaphysical Systems, Gesammelte Schriften VIII 75–118, by William Kluback and Martin Weinbaum.

Dio Cocceianus Chrysostomus [ca. 40–120 CE]. Dio Chrysostom. Discourses. Greek edition with translation by J.W. Colhoon. 5 vols. The Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press. 1932.

Diogenes Laertius [3d century CE]. Diogenes Laertius. Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Greek edition with translation by R.D. Hicks. 2 vols. The Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press. 1925 (revision of vol. 1, 1938). A set of biographies including many quotations from earlier works not otherwise preserved.

Dobson, J.F. (1918). “The Posidonius myth.” Classical Quarterly 12, 179 ff.

Dodds, E.R. (1928). The Parmenides and the origins of the Neoplatonic ‘One’.” Classical Quarterly 22, 129–42

________ (1951). The Greeks and the Irrational. University of California Press: Berkeley. Reprint, Peter Smith, 1986.

Douglas, Mary (1966). Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Edelstein, Ludwig (1936). “The philosophical system of Poseidonius.” American Journal of Philology 57: 286 ff.

Edwards, C.H., Jr. (1979). The Historical Development of the Calculus. New York: Springer Verlag. Chapter one provides a conceptually sophisticated review of Greek mathematics.

Eliade, Mircea (1964). Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. A detailed study of Shamanism. Claims that it lies behind Indian meditative religions, Taoism in China, Orphism in Greece, and Nordic mythology.

Ellis, Havelock (1963). Preface to Plato.

Everson, Stephen, ed. (1990). Epistemology. Companions to Ancient Thought 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An excellent collection of philosophically sophisticated essays on Ancient theory of knowledge.

________ ed. (1991). Psychology. Companions to Ancient Thought 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An excellent collection of philosophically sophisticated essays on Ancient philosophy of mind.

Field, G.C. (1930). Plato and his Contemporaries. London: Methuen & Co.

Fine, Gail (1979). “Knowledge and logos in the Theaetetus.” Philosophical Review 88: 366-97.

________ (1980). “One over many.” Philosophical Review 89.

________ (1984). “Separation.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 2: 31-87. On Aristotle’s contention that Plato “separated” the Forms from particulars, while Socrates did not.

________ (1986). “Immanence.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 4: 71-97.

________ (1990). “Knowledge and belief in Republic V-VII.” In Everson (1990): 85-115. Reprinted in Fine (1999).

________ (1992). “Inquiry in the Meno.” In Kraut (1992): 200–226.

________ ed. (1999). Plato 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology. Oxford Readings in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. A first-rate collection of essays by various authors.

Fine, John (1983). The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Harvard University Press. In my view, the best political history of Ancient Greece available.

Finkelberg, Aryeh (1999). “Being, Truth and Opinion in Parmenides.” Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie 81, 233–248.

________ (1997). “Xenophanes’ Physics, Parmenides’ Doxa, and Empedocles’ Theory of Cosmogonical Mixture.” Hermes 125: 1-16.

________ (1990). “Studies in Xenophanes.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 93: 103-167.

________ (1986). “The Cosmology of Parmenides.” The American Journal of Philology 107: 303–317.

Finley, M.I. (1956). The World of Odysseus. Particularly interesting for Finley’s account of views concerning virtue in the ninth century B.C.E. Finley is a solid historian not much given to nonsense, and always refreshing to read.

Fraenkel, Herman (1925). “Xenophanes’s empiricism and his critique of knowledge.” In Mourelatos (1974) 118-131. Original German version in Hermes 60 (1925) 174-92, as Part II of “Xenophanes-studien.”

Frankfort, Henri, ed. (1946). The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man. Chicago: University Press. Reprint ed., as Before Philosophy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1949. A good overview of the mythological thought of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Chapters on Mesopotamia by Thorkild Jacobsen.

________ (1948). Kingship and the Gods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. A detailed, perceptive, and scholarly study of kingship and its relation to the religious world views of Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Frankfurt, Harry G. (1971). “Freedom of the will and the concept of a person.” Journal of Philosophy 68. Reprinted in The Importance of What We Care About. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Furley, David J. (1967a). “Parmenides of Elea.” In Paul Edwards, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 6, 47-51.

Furley, David J. (1967b). Two Studies in the Greek Atomists. Princeton. A philosophically sophisticated treatment.

Furley, David J. and R.E. Allen (eds.) (1970, 1975). Studies in Pre-Socratic Philosophy. 2 vols. London. An excellent collection of classic papers.

Furth, Montgomery (1968). “Elements of Eleatic ontology.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 6: 111-132. Conceptually, a very clear and sophisticated discussion of Parmenides’ metaphysical position.

Gallop, David (1975). Plato: Phaedo. Translated with notes. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

Gerson, Lloyd P. (1996). The Cambridge Companion to Plotinus. Cambridge University Press.

Giannantoni, G. (1990). Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae. Second edition. Naples.

Giddens, A. (1985). The Nation State and Violence. Polity Press.

Gill, Mary Louise (1996). Plato: Parmenides. Translated with Paul Ryan, with Introduction. Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis, Indiana. This dialogue is the most difficult in the Platonic corpus. Gill’s excellent study makes its meaning clear.

Goodenough, Ward H. (1990). “Evolution of the Human Capacity for Beliefs.” American Anthropologist 92(3) 597-612.

Gracia, Jorge J.E. (1992). Philosophy and Its History. Issues in Philosophical Historiography. State University of New York Press. A sensible and thorough consideration of the issues by a practicing historian of philosophy.

Griswold, Charles L. (ed.) (1988). Platonic Writings, Platonic Readings. New York, New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall.

Grote, George (1850). History of Greece. 2d ed. Chapter 47: The Drama–Rhetoric and Dialectics–The Sophists. London: John Murray. Reprinted in Irwin (1995) 2:2–112.

Guthrie, W.K.C. (1949). The Greeks and their Gods. 1949. A sound and scholarly general account of Greek Olympian theology, though somewhat out-dated on some topics.

________ (1952). Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement. 2d. rev. ed. 1952.

________ (1962-81). A History of Greek Philosophy. 6 vols. Cambridge. I: The Earlier Presocratics and The Pythagoreans (1962). II: The Presocratic Trdition from Parmenides to Democritus (1965). III: The Fifth-century Enlightenment (1969). IV: Plato. The Man and His Dialogus: Earlier Period (1975). V: The Later Plato and the Academy (1978). VI: Aristotle: An Encounter (1981). A thorough and careful work, reviewing all important previous scholarship. Exhaustive bibliographies.

Hahn, Robert (2003). “Proportions and Numbers in Anaximander and Greek Thought.” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Hankinson, R.J. (1991). “Greek Medical Models of the Mind.” In Everson (1991) 194–217.

Hasper, Pieter (1999). “The Foundations of Presocratic Atomism.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy XVII, 1–14.

Hegel, G.W.F. (1985). Hegel’s Introduction to the Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Translated by T.M. Knox and A.V.Miller. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Heidel, W.A. (1906). “The dine in Anaximander and Anaximenes.” Classical Philology 1: 279-282.

Horton, R. (1970). “African traditional thought and western science.” In Wilson (1970), 137-171. An abbreviated form of an article in Africa 37 (1967) 50-71, 155-187.

Huffman, C. A. (1993). Philolaus of Croton: Pythagorean and Presocratic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Greek texts of the fragments and testimonia with translations and commentary in English.)

________ (1988). “The Role of Number in Philolaus' Philosophy.” Phronesis 33: 1-30.

________ (2001). “The Philolaic Method: The Pythagoreanism behind the Philebus.” In Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy VI: Before Plato, A. Preus (ed.) (Albany: State University of New York Press) 67-85.

________ (2002). “Archytas and the Sophists,” in Presocratic Philosophy: Essays in Honour of Alexander Mourelatos, Victor Caston and Daniel W. Graham (eds.) (Aldershot: Ashgate) 251-270.

________ (2004). Archytas of Tarentum: Pythagorean, Philosopher and Mathematician King. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hussey, Edward (1982). “Epistemology and meaning in Heraclitus.” In Language and Logos: Studies in Ancient Greek Philosophy Presented to G.E.L. Owen. Ed. Schofield and Nussbaum. Cambridge.

________ (1990). “The beginnings of epistemology: from Homer to Philolaus.” In Everson, 11-38.

________ (1999). “Heraclitus.” Chapter 5 in A. A. Long (1999) 88–112.

Inwood, Brad and L.P. Gerson (1988; 1997). Hellenistic Philosophy: Introductory Readings. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Irwin, Terence (1977). “Plato’s Heracleitianism.” Philosophical Quarterly 27: 1-13.

________ (1977). Plato’s Moral Theory. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. A keenly perceptive philosophical analysis of Plato’s reaction to Socratic thought.

________ (1989). Classical Thought. A History of Western Philosophy, vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. An interesting and somewhat maverick introduction, dealing with a lot of literary material not ordinarily treated in histories of philosophy.

________ (1989a). “Socrates and Athenian democracy.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 18: 184-205. A criticism of Stone (1988).

________, ed. (1995). Classical Philosophy: Collected Papers. Vol. 2: Socrates and his Contemporaries. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc.

________ (1995). Plato’s Ethics. Oxford University Press. A rewriting and expansion of the 1977 volume, with additional coverage of the Republic and later dialogues added.

Jaeger, Werner (1947). The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers.

Jones, W.T. (1969-1970). “Philosophical disagreements and world views.” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 43: 24-42.

Kahn, Charles H. (1960). Anaximander and the Origins of Greek Cosmology.

________ (1974a). “Pythagorean philosophy before Plato.” In Mourelatos (1974), 161-85.

________ (1974b). “Religion and natural philosophy in Empedocles’s doctrine of the soul.” In Mourelatos (1974): 426-456.

________ (1980). The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary. Cambridge University Press.

________ (2001). Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A Brief History. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Keeley, Lawrence (1996), War Before Civilization. Oxford.

Kekes, John (1980). The Nature of Philosophy. Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield. I have taken a great deal from this book, though I disagree with Kekes’s optimism regarding the possibility of finding a solid rational defense for a world view, and often find his discussion and argumentation impossibly loose.

Kerferd, G.B. (1981a). The Sophistic Movement. Cambridge. Has become the standard treatment. The best general work. Shows more philosophical sophistication than Guthrie (1962-1981).

________, ed. (1981b). The Sophists and their Legacy. Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium of Ancient Greek Philosophy at Bad Homburg 1979, Hermes Einzelschriften. Weisbaden.

Kingsley, Peter (1994a). ‘Empedocles' Sun.” Classical Quarterly 44: 316-324.

________ (1994b). “Empedocles and his Interpreters: The Four-Element Doxography.” Phronesis 39 : 235-254.

________ (1995). Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic. Oxford University Press.

________ (1999). In the Dark Places of Wisdom. The Golden Sufi Center. Inverness, California.

Kirk, G.S. (1954). Heraclitus: The Cosmic Fragments. Cambridge University Press. An outstanding study.

________ (1970). Myth. Its Meanings and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures. Cambridge University Press, 1970. An intelligent examination of theories of myth produced by anthropologists, and an application of anthropological techniques of analysis to ancient Mesopotamian and classical Greek myth. Sophisticated, judicious and insightful.

________ (1974). The Nature of Greek Myths. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. A reconsideration of the material in Myth, with some new analyses, but restricted to Greek mythology.

Kirk, G.S., and J.E. Raven (1957; 1983). The Pre-Socratic Philosophers. 2d ed., revised, with M. Schofield. Contains literal translations of the important fragments and testimonia, extensive scholarly discussion, and bibliography, with a long and helpful introduction.

Kramer, Samuel Noah (1944). Sumerian Mythology. Memoir no. 21 of the American Philosophical Society. Philadelphia. Reprinted in Anchor Books. Many of the myths recounted here are incomplete. Kramer tends to view the myths as purely theoretical, lacking a sense of their probable role in ritual and ideology, but his translations provide the best coverage of the Sumerian and Akkadian texts.

________ (1961). “Mythology of Sumer and Akkad.” In Mythologies of the Ancient World, edited by S.N. Kramer (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961). Written as an update of the author’s earlier Sumerian Mythology. The translations here supplement those there, and the material already in the older book is only summarized.

Kraut, Richard (1984). Socrates and the State. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

________, ed. (1992). The Cambridge Companion to Plato. Cambridge University Press.

Lee, H.D.P. (1936). Zeno of Elea: A Text with Translation and Notes. Cambridge. Reprint 1967.

Lebedev, Andrei (2006). “Aristarchos of Samos on Thales’ Theory of Eclipses.” Apeiron 23 no. 2: 77–85.

Lesher, James H. (1978). “Xenophanes’s skepticism.” Phronesis 23: 1-21. Reprinted in Anton and Preuss (1983), 20-40.

________ (2002). "Xenophanes."In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition). Edited by Edward N. Zalta. URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2002/entries/xenophanes/>.

________ (1985). “Socrates’s disavowal of knowledge.” Philosophical Quarterly 35: 1-31.

________ (1992). Xenophanes of Colophon: Fragments. A Text and Translation with a Commentary. Phoenix Supplementary Volume XXX, Presocratics Volume IV. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.

Lewis, Eric (1999). “The Dogmas of Indivisibility, On the Origins of Ancient Atomism.” Boston Area Colloquium in the Ancient Philosophy, 1–21.

Lichtheim, Miriam (1973). Ancient Egyptian Literature. A Book of Readings. 3 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press. An extensive collection of the writings of Ancient Egypt in good English translation, with bibliographies and useful, up-to-date introductions and notes for each of the translations.

Lloyd, G.E.R. (1966). Polarity and Analogy.

________ (1979). Magic, Reason and Experience. Studies in the Origin and Development of Greek Science. Cambridge University Press.

________ (1983). Science, Folklore and Ideology. Studies in the Life Sciences of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press.

Lloyd-Jones, H. (1971). The Justice of Zeus. Berkeley.

Long, A.A. (1970). “Morals and values in Homer.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 90: 121-39.

________, ed. (1971). Problems in Stoicism. London.

________ (1974). “Empedocles’s cosmic cycle in the sixties.” In Mourelatos (1974): 397-425.

________ (1974, 1986). Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics. 2d edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

________, ed. (1999). The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Long, A.A. and D.N. Sedley (1987). The Hellenistic Philosophers. Cambridge. A collection of texts with well-informed discussion and an extensive bibliography.

Long, H.S. (1949). “The unity of Empedokles’s thought.” American Journal of Philology: 142-158.

Lovibond, Sabina (1991). “Plato’s Theory of Mind.” In Everson (1991): 35–55.

Lukes, S. (1970). “Some problems about rationality.” In Wilson (1970), 194-213. Defends the rationality of the thought of “primitive” men.

McKim, Richard (1988). “Shame and truth in Plato’s Gorgias.” In Griswold (1988): 34-48.

McKirahan, Voula Tsouna (1994). “The Socratic origins of the Cynics and Cyrenaics.” In Vander Waerdt (1994).

McMullin, Ernan (1984). “The goals of natural science,” Presidential Address in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 58 no. 1 37-64. Argues that natural science aims, at least in the first instance, to discover a hidden reality that explains observations, not merely to discover regularities.

Malinowski, Bronislaw (1948). Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1954. (Free Press, 1948) The classic proponent among anthropologists of “functionalism”, the view that myths and religious doctrines are to be understood in terms of the functions they perform in society rather than as theoretical accounts intended to be literally true.

Mandelbaum, Maurice (1976). “On the historiography of philosophy.” Philosophy Research Archives 2.

Mansfield, Jaap (1999). “Sources.” Chapter 2 in A. A. Long (1999), 22–44. A review of the sources for pre-Socratic philosophy, sketching and documenting recent criticism of Diels’s work.

Mates, Benson (1953). Stoic Logic. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Thorough coverage, containing translations of many texts.

Matson, Wallace I (1980). “Parmenides Unbound.” Philosophical Inquiry (Athens) 2 no. 1: 345–360. Argues that Parmenides did not reject the "Way of Seeming" as false, and that he thought reality to be space, which is capable of thought.

________ (2000 - 2^nd ed; 1987). A New History of Philosophy. 2 vols. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

________ (2001). “Zeno Moves!” In Preuss (2001), 87–108.

Matthews, Gareth (1991). “Container metaphysics according to Aristotle’s Greek commentators.” In Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 17, Aristotle and his Medieval Interpreters, ed. Richard Bosley and Martin Tweedale, 7–24.

Moline, John (1981). Plato’s Theory of Understanding. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Most, Glenn (1999). “The poetics of early Greek philosophy.” In A.A. Long (1999): 332–362.

Morrison, J.S. (1956). “Pythagoras of Samos.” Classical Quarterly N.S. 6: 133-56. An excellent biographical account.

Mourelatos, Alexander P.D. (1970). The Route of Parmenides: A Study of Word, Image and Argument in the Fragments. Yale University Press.

________ (1971). “Mind’s commitment to the real: Parmenides B 8.34-41.” In Anton & Kustas (1971), 59-80.

________ (ed.) (1974a). The Pre-Socratics: A Collection of Critical Essays. A good collection of papers written in the late 60's and early 70's, with a full bibliography.

________ (1974b). “The deceptive words of Parmenides’s doxa.” In Mourelatos (1974a).

Mueller, Ian (1992). “Mathematical method and philosophical truth.” In Kraut (1992).

Nadaff, Gerard (2003). “Anthropogony and Politogony in Anaximander of Miletus.” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Nehamas, Alexander (1975). “Plato on the imperfection of the sensible world.” American Philosophical Quarterly 12:105–117. Reprinted in Fine (1999).

Nietzsche, Friedrich (1875). Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. Trans. Marianne Cowan. Chicago: 1962. An interesting and provocative book.

________ (1876). The Pre-Platonic Philosophers. Trans. Greg Whitlock. University of Illinois: 2001. A translation of Nietzsche’s notes for his classes.

Nozick, Robert (1993). The Nature of Rationality. Princeton University Press.

Nussbaum, Martha (1979). “Eleatic conventionalism and Philolaus on the conditions of thought.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 83: 63-108.

________ (1986). The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. A first-rate examination of Greek thought concerning human goodness and its dependence on luck, dealing with the tragic authors, Plato’s Protagoras, Republic, Symposium and Phaedrus, and Aristotle.

O’Brien, Denis (1969). Empedocles’s Cosmic Cycle: A Reconstruction from the Fragments and Secondary Sources. Cambridge University Press.

Onians, Richard B. (1951). The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the World, Time and Fate. Reprint ed., Ayer, 1980. A remarkable and scholarly book, outlining the traditional world view in the eastern Mediterranean in ancient times. The author pulls in every conceivable literary source and philological point to back up his picture.

Owen, G.E.L. (1960). “Eleatic questions.” Classical Quarterly 10: 84-102. Reprinted in Furley and Allen II (1975), 48-81 and in Owen (1986) 3-26.

________ . “The place of the Timaeus in Plato’s dialogues.” in Allen (1965) 293–338.

________ (1986). Logic Science and Dialectic. Collected Papers in Greek Philosophy. Edited by Martha C. Nussbaum. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Passmore, John (1967). “Philosophy” and “Philosophy, Historiography of.” In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards. New York and London: MacMillan and Collier.

Patterson, Richard (1985). Image and Reality in Plato’s Metaphysics. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company. An excellent discussion of the metaphysical status of the Forms.

Penner, Terry (1973). “The unity of virtue.” Philosophical Review 82: 35–68.

________ (1987). The Ascent from Nominalism. Some Existence Arguments in Plato’s Middle Dialogues. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

________ (1992). “Socrates and the early dialogues.” In Kraut (1992).

Plato [4th century B.C.E.] (1961). The Collected Dialogues of Plato. Edited by E. Hamilton and H. Cairns. Princeton University Press. The translations are by various scholars, representing the best available at the time of publication. Includes all the dialogues, including those of unreliable attribution, and the authentic letters.

________ (1997). Plato: Complete Works. Edited by John M. Cooper, associate editor D.S. Hutchinson. Hackett Publishing Company. An improvement on Hamilton and Cairns, containing all the works in the edition of Thrasyllus, including those now regarded as spurious, and all the letters.

Preus, Anthony (2001). Before Plato. Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy VI. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

________ (1982). “Socratic psychotherapy.” The University of Dayton Review 16 (1): 15-23.

Pritchard, Evans, ed. (1957). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1957.

Radin, Paul (1927). Primitive Man as Philosopher. Appleton. 2d ed. 1955. New York: Dover 1957. The only book I know on the topic. Radin takes a Marxist approach, but is not at all doctrinaire. His down to earth, intelligent analysis is rooted in his own field work.

_______ (1937). Primitive Religion. New York: Viking. Reprint ed., New York: Dover, 1957. A sophisticated discussion connecting religious belief and practice to social and economic structure. Radin’s treatment is balanced by a real sympathy for the world view of his respondents and the wisdom it contains.

Rankin, H.D. (1983). Sophists, Socratics and Cynics. London and Canberra, Totowa, New Jersey: Croom Helm, Barnes and Noble.

Raven, J.E. (1948). Pythagoreans and Eleatics: An Account of the Interaction between Two Opposed Schools. Cambridge University Press. Reprint ed., Ares Publications, 1981. I find much of Raven’s account of the “number atomism” of the Pythagoreans plausible, but see Vlastos (1959) for an influential critique necessitating at least some revisions.

Rist, J.M. (1969). Stoic Philosophy. Cambridge. Contains a good discussion of the Stoic view of suicide.

Rist, J.M. ed. (1978). TheStoics. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.

Robinson, Richard (1953). Plato’s Earlier Dialectic. 2d ed. Oxford. Ch. X: “Hypothesis in the Republic,” reprinted in Vlastos (1971b).

Rorty, Richard M. (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Presss. Especially Ch. III.

Ryle, Gilbert (1966). Plato’s Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An entertaining recasting of Plato’s life which, though not generally accepted by scholars, is still worth reading.

Saggs, H.W.F (1962). The Greatness that Was Babylon. New York and Toronto: New American Library.

Sambursky, Samuel (1959). Physics of the Stoics. London: Routledge and Kegal Paul. Translates the more important texts. For some doubts concerning Sambursky’s efforts to draw analogies with modern physical concepts, which is the center of the discussion, see the review by A. Wasserstein in Journal of Hellenic Studies 83 (1963) 186–190.

Sandbach, F.H. (1975; 1989). The Stoics. Chatto & Windus, Ltd.; 2d ed. Bristol Classical Press. Repr. ed. 1994, Bristol Classical Press and Hackett Publishing Company. Especially good for Stoic ethics.

Santas, Gerasimos (1979). Socrates. Philosophy in Plato’s Early Dialogues. The Arguments of the Philosophers. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Sayre, Kenneth (1983). Plato’s Late Ontology. A Riddle Resolved. Princeton University Press.

Schofield, Malcolm (1980). An Essay on Anaxagoras. Cambridge University Press. Especially interested in Anaxagoras on Mind. Surveys current scholarship.

________ (1991). “Heraclitus’s Theory of the Soul and its Antecedents.” In Everson (1991) 13-34.

Scott, Dominic (1999). “Platonic recollection.” In Fine (1999). This is extracted from Scott’s book, Recollection and Experience: Plato’s Theory of Learning and its Successors (Cambridge: 1995), 3–80.

Sedley, David (1999). “Parmenides and Melissus.” Chapter 6 in A. A. Long (1999), 113-133.

Seneca (1958). The Stoic Philosophy of Seneca. Translated by Moses Hadas. W.W. Norton & Co. “On Providence,” “On the Shortness of Life,” “On the Tranquillity of Mind,” “Consolation to Helvia,” “On Clemency,” and selections from the Letters, well translated, with a valuable introduction.

Seneca (1969). Letters from a Stoic. Translated by Robin Campbell. Penguin Books. A selection from the Letters.

Shaw, Gregory (1995). Theurgy and the Soul. The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus. Pennsylvania State University Press.

Sherry, David (1999). “Thales’s Sure Path.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 30A(4), 621-650.

Shipley, Graham (2000). The Greek World after Alexander 323-30 B.C.E. In the Routledge History of the Ancient World, general editor Fergus Millar. London and New York: Routledge.

Smart, Harold R. (1962). Philosophy and Its History. LaSalle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company.

Snell, Bruno (1953). The Discovery of Mind: The Greek Origins of European Thought. Harvard University Press. Reprint in Harper Torchbooks, 1960.

Sorabji, Richard (1983). Time, Creation and the Continuum. Cornell University Press.

________, ed. (1987). Philoponus and the Refection of Aristotelian Science. Cornell University Press.

________, ed. (1990). Aristotle Transformed. The Ancient Commentators and their Influence. Cornell University Press.

Sprague, Rosamund Kent, et al. (1972). The Older Sophists. University of South Carolina Press. Translations of the fragments of the Sophists’ writings, and ancient reports of their views, with introductory essays on each figure.

Stone, I.F. (1988). The Trial and Death of Socrates. Boston: Little & Brown. Argues that Socrates actually had violated the terms of the amnesty extended to opponents of the Democracy after the overthrow of the Thirty in 404. For criticism, see Irwin (1989a).

Swanson (1960). The Birth of the Gods: The Origins of Primitive Beliefs. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.

Taylor, C.C.W. ed. (1997). Routledge History of Philosophy. Vol. 1: From the Beginning to Plato. Routledge. London and New York.

Untersteiner (1949). The Sophists. Translation of I Sofisti (Turin: 1949) by Kathleen Freeman. Oxford: 1954.

Vander Waerdt, Paul A., ed. (1994). The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Vernant, Jean-Pierre (1984). The origins of Greek Thought. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. First published in French in 1962. Especially see Chapters 3, 7 and 8, on the political background of early Greek thought.

Veyne, Paul (1987). A History of Private Life. Vol 1. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Harvard University Press.

Vlastos, Gregory (1946). “Solonian justice.” Classical Philology 41:65-83. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I.

________ (1947). “Equality and justice in the early Greek cosmogonies.” Classical Philology 42: 156-178. Reprint in Furley and Allen and Vlastos (1993) I. Argues convincingly for a political background to early Greek physical thought.

________ (1952). “Theology and philosophy in early Greek thought.” Philosophical Quarterly 2: 92-129. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I.

________ (1953). “Isonomia.” American Journal of Philology 74: 337-366. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I.

________ (1955). Review of Cornford’s Principium Sapientiae. Gnomon 27:65-76. Reprinted in Furley and Allen I, and in Vlastos (1993) I.

________ (1955a). “Heraclitus.” American Journal of Philology 76:337-368.

________ (1959). Review of Kirk and Raven... Philosophical Review 68: 531-535. Criticizes Raven’s theories about Pythagorean number atomism, for which, see the first edition of Kirk and Raven (1957) and Raven (1948).

________ (ed.) (1971a). The Philosophy of Socrates: A Collection of Critical Essays. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co.

________ (ed.) (1971b). Plato. A Collection of Critical Essays. I: Metaphysics and Epistemology. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co. Inc. Anchor Books.

________ (ed.) (1971c). Plato. A Collection of Critical Essays. I: Ethics, Politics, and Philosophy of Art and Religion. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co. Inc. Anchor Books.

________ (1973; 2d ed. 1981). Platonic Studies. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

________ (1983). “The Socratic elenchus.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1: 27–58. Reprinted in Fine (1999).

________ (1985). “Socrates’s disavowal of knowledge.” Philosophical Quarterly 35: 1-31. Reprinted in Fine (1999). Argues that Socrates must have accepted that knowledge in some ordinary sense was possible, but rejects Irwin’s (1977) account of such knowledge as well-tested, true opinion.

________ (1987). “Socratic irony.” Classical Quarterly 37: 79-96. Reprinted in Benson (1992).

________ (1988). “Elenchus and mathematics: A turning-point in Plato’s philosophical development.” American Journal of Philology 109: 362-96. Reprinted in Benson (1992).

________ (1991). Socrates. Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Cambridge University Press; Cornell University Press. Rejects, in particular, Irwin’s view that Socrates was a hedonist.

________ (1993). Studies in Greek Philosophy. Volume 1: The Presocratics. Volume 2: Socrates, Plato and their Tradition. Princeton University Press.

Wallis, R.T. (1972, 2^nd ed. 1995). Neoplatonism. London and Indianapolis: Gerald Duckworth & Company and Hackett Publishing Company.

West, M.L. (1971). Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient. An excellent and judicious account, though probably not skeptical enough.

Wheelwright, Phillip (1959). Heraclitus. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Unversity Press. Complete fragments in Greek and English, with detailed discussion of each one.

White, Nicholas P. (1976). Plato on Knowledge and Reality. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company.

Wilcox, Joel (1994). The Origins of Epistemology in Early Greek Thought. A Study of Psyche and Logos in Heraclitus. Studies in the History of Philosophy, 34. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.

Wilson, Brian R., ed. (1970). Rationality. New York, New York: Harper. A collection of essays bearing on the rationality of preliterate peoples and of their practices and beliefs. The pieces are chosen to represent the range of current views, and many show considerable philosophical as well anthropological sophistication.

Windelband, Wilhelm (1901). A History of Philosophy. Revised edition. (First edition, 1892.) Translated by James H. Tufts. Reprinted in 2 vols. (Harper & Row: New York 1958).

Woodruff, Paul (1990). “Plato’s early theory of knowledge.” In Everson (1990) 60-84. Argues that Socrates was a skeptic not about knowledge as ordinarily understood, but about “expert knowledge,” that is, the pretensions of the expert to a superior sort of knowledge rooted in an understanding of underlying realities.

Zeyl (1980). “Socrates and hedonism.” Phronesis 25: 250-269. Argues against the view of Nussbaum (1986) and Irwin (1977) that Socrates was a hedonist, holding the hedonism in the Protagoras to be adopted ad hominem to refute Protagoras.

Zolberg, A.G. (1981). “Origins of the modern world system. A missing link.” World Politics, Jan 1981.